The rise of Protestantism in Europe led France to a civil war known as the French Wars of Religion, where, in the most notorious incident, thousands of Huguenots were murdered in the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre of 1572. [362] Although there are very few rock bands in France compared to English-speaking countries,[363] bands such as Noir Désir, Mano Negra, Niagara, Les Rita Mitsouko and more recently Superbus, Phoenix and Gojira,[364] or Shaka Ponk, have reached worldwide popularity. [citation needed]. Marine Le Pen was elected to the National Assembly for the first time, and Gilbert Collard was re-elected. [64] A radical group split off in 1980 and founded the French Nationalist Party, dismissing the FN as becoming too Zionist and Le Pen as the "puppet" of the Jews. Some of the finest collections are in Lyon, Lille, Rouen, Dijon, Rennes and Grenoble. The Germanic Franks arrived in 476 and formed the Kingdom of Francia, which became the heartland of the Carolingian Empire. [161][162], On 24 April 2017, a day after the first round of the presidential election, Marine Le Pen announced that she would temporarily step down as the party's leader in an attempt to unite voters. French composers played an important role during the music of the 19th and early 20th century, which is considered to be the Romantic music era. Other major authors of that century include Alexandre Dumas (The Three Musketeers and The Count of Monte-Cristo), Jules Verne (Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea), Émile Zola (Les Rougon-Macquart), Honoré de Balzac (La Comédie humaine), Guy de Maupassant, Théophile Gautier and Stendhal (The Red and the Black, The Charterhouse of Parma), whose works are among the most well known in France and the world. In 1848 general unrest led to the February Revolution and the end of the July Monarchy. Freedom of speech and press were declared, and arbitrary arrests outlawed. Nach dem Einstieg des saudi-arabischen Prinzen Fahd träumt der CS Sedan von einer rosigen Zukunft. Official Site of the Olympic Movement", "Licenses of the French Football Federation", "World Cup 2018: France beat Croatia 4-2 in World Cup final", 1984: Platini shines for flamboyant France, "Thierry Henry calls end to France career", "Change Seems Essential to Escape Extinction: Wimbledon: World's Most Loved Dinosaur", Official site of the French public service, Sovereign states and dependencies of Europe, autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark, Countries and dependencies of South America, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Commission against Racism and Intolerance, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique, Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=France&oldid=986115182, French-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, States and territories established in 1792, Articles with dead external links from March 2020, Articles with Dutch-language sources (nl), Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2020, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles containing Italian-language text, Articles containing Swedish-language text, Articles containing Proto-Germanic-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2019, Articles containing undetermined-language text, Articles needing additional references from October 2019, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2009, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018, Articles with failed verification from February 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2008, Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2019, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2007, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014, Articles with incomplete citations from January 2018, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, State private property under the direct authority of the. Goodliffe, Gabriel, and Riccardo Brizzi, eds. In 2008, the INSEE (National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies) estimated that the total number of foreign-born immigrants was around 5 million (8% of the population), while their French-born descendants numbered 6.5 million, or 11% of the population. [114] The measure was ruled illegal by a court, also giving her a suspended prison sentence, a fine, and a two-year ban from public office. De Mélenchon à Le Pen, qu'en disent les politiques français ?- 5 mars 2014 – L'Obs", "Marine Le Pen: Ukraine s association with EU – best option| Ukrinform", "We should beware Russia's links with Europe's right", "Poutine et le FN : révélations sur les réseaux russes des Le Pen", "Marine Le Pen's Closest Advisor Comes Out of the Shadows in Donetsk", "Le Rassemblement national abandonne définitivement la sortie de l'euro", "Le Pen repeats slur that Nazi gas chambers were a 'detail, "Jean-Marie Le Pen renvoyé devant la justice pour ses propos sur l'Occupation", "Bruno Gollnisch condamné pour ses propos sur l'Holocauste", "Bruno Gollnisch blanchi par la Cour de cassation", "The National Front and the quest for the Jewish vote", "Europe is trying to keep Russia from influencing its elections", "Far-right Front National's Russian loan: '31 mln euros more to follow, "Is the Kremlin financing Europe's right-wing populists? Abridged list of reliable sources that refer to National Rally as far-right: [205]:31 Each year the Côte d'Azur hosts 50% of the world's superyacht fleet.[205]:66. [95] Le Pen's presidential campaign was highly successful; no candidates came close to rival his ability to excite audiences at rallies and boost ratings at television appearances. Known as the Belle Époque, the turn of the century was a period characterized by optimism, regional peace, economic prosperity and technological, scientific and cultural innovations. Some consider hate speech laws in France to be too broad or severe, undermining freedom of speech. The National Rally also supports French economic interventionism, protectionism, and a zero tolerance approach in law and order. [314], In 1802, Napoleon created the lycée, the second and final stage of secondary education that prepares students for higher education studies or a profession. Since the Middle Ages, France has been a major contributor to scientific and technological achievement.
France had colonial possessions, in various forms, since the beginning of the 17th century, but in the 19th and 20th centuries, its global overseas colonial empire extended greatly and became the second largest in the world behind the British Empire. [207], Luke Harding wrote in The Guardian that the National Front's MEPs were a "pro-Russian bloc. Public law includes, in particular, administrative law and constitutional law.
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